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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a ventilation device (10) for pollinating at least one recipient plant from pollen collected on at least one donor plant, comprising: a pollen collecting member (12) from said at least one plant donor, - a pollen diffusion member (14) on at least one recipient plant, - a pollen conveying channel captured from the capture member (12) to the diffusion member (14), - an amplifier of air flow (18) Coanda effect for inducing a flow of air inside the conveying channel from the pollen collecting member (12) to the diffusion member (14) of said pollen.
    公开号:FR3078859A1
    申请号:FR1852209
    申请日:2018-03-14
    公开日:2019-09-20
    发明作者:Patrick Baldet
    申请人:Saaten Union Rech；Syngenta France SAS；Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies Pour Lenvironnement et lAgriculture IRSTEA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    AERAULIC DEVICE WITH COANDA EFFECT FOR POLLINATION OF A RECEIVING PLANT FROM POLLEN CAPTURED FROM A DONOR PLANT
    The present invention relates to an aeraulic device for the pollination of a recipient plant from pollen captured on a donor plant. In particular, the invention relates to a device comprising an air flow amplifier with Coanda effect, also called in the English-speaking countries "Air Amplifier" or "Air Mover". The invention also relates to an apparatus and a vehicle comprising such a ventilation device.
    In the field of plant reproduction, the pollination of a plant is done by the transport of a male gamete (pollen) to the female receptor organ (stigma) of a plant. This transport can be carried out by the wind, in this case, we speak of plants with anemophilous pollination.
    For some crops, natural pollination may prove impossible or more generally insufficient under natural conditions, thus leading to the use of assisted artificial pollination. This assisted artificial pollination can take two forms:
    - exclusive artificial pollination, a process in which the only source of pollen is exogenous and brought by artificial means to a plant devoid of any natural source of pollen. For example, this is the case for dioecious species whose subjects only bear one sex and must therefore receive exogenous pollen.
    - pollen supplementation, a process in which natural pollination is reinforced by contributions of pollen which may come from an exogenous source or from the pollinated plant itself.
    Plants with anemophilous pollination belong to two very distinct groups: plants with "Orthodox" pollens and plants with "Recalcitrant" pollens. The terms “Orthodox” and “Recalcitrant” are derived from the nomenclature of seeds classified according to their tolerance to drying and aptitude for storage. These seeds are said to be “Orthodox” when they have a good tolerance for drying and when they have a good capacity for storage. Conversely, the seeds for which drying is lethal are called "Recalcitrant".
    The so-called “Orthodox” pollens have the capacity to dehydrate before being released by the male organs (anthers) and carried away by the wind. These pollens have the capacity to be placed in slowed life and have reserves. They thus have a prolonged viability allowing them to fly away from the pollinating plant while retaining their reproductive potential. The pollen is rehydrated and put into reproductive capacity when it arrives at the collecting device of the female flower. This type of pollen supports being dehydrated, so its mass is low and predisposes it to be easily transported by the wind. This type of pollen, which is not very fragile, therefore easily lends itself to large-scale conservation and artificial pollination operations, as in the case of Kiwi pollen (actinidia chinensis, Planch.) For fruit production or in the case pollen from coniferous trees.
    The so-called “Recalcitrant” pollens are intended for almost immediate pollination because their viability is very reduced over time and conditioned on the maintenance of a high level of hydration. This is the case for pollens from wheat (triticum sp.) From barley (hordeum sp.), Rice (oryza sp.) Or even corn (zea mays sp.). These pollens cannot be easily stored, they are very fragile and require a lot of precautions for their handling. Artificial pollination of plants with such pollens involves specific technologies and practices that respect the very short-lived viability of these pollens. The viability of pollen corresponds to its reproductive potential.
    Document FR 2 866 784 A1 discloses an apparatus for collecting pollen from plants, including corn, and for distributing it over the female organs of other plants. This device includes a system for generating air streams with a venturi effect which both sucks pollen and transports it to the application points. This venturi-effect air flow generation system comprises a nozzle for injecting pressurized engine air inside the transport duct to generate an air flow in this duct by venturi effect. This injection nozzle partially obstructs the pollen suction pipe and constitutes an important source of friction and shock which is harmful to fragile pollens such as those of cereals. In addition, this primary air is introduced into the suction duct under a turbulent regime which is detrimental for the viability of the pollen. In particular, the injection of engine air by the nozzle generates a central zone of strong turbulence, centrifugal expansion of the engine air under pressure and overspeeds also harmful to fragile pollens, ie of the “recalcitrant” type. In addition, the presence of bifurcations and change of direction, or bend, during the transport of pollen promotes agglomeration and sedimentation of pollen grains which is also detrimental for their viability.
    In this same document FR. 2 866 784 A1, the venturi-effect air flow generation system may also include a turbine, which implies the presence of a mechanical fan in the pipe and, as a result, shocks as well as strong accelerations for pollen crossing it. In addition, mechanical fans very often generate centrifugal forces which also contribute to projecting the sucked particles onto the walls. These two solutions for generating the pollen transport air flow therefore do not guarantee the viability of the pollen transported, or decrease it very sharply, when it is of the “recalcitrant” type.
    Furthermore, the suction pipe of this sampling device is divided into a plurality of pipes for the distribution of pollen. These bifurcations also constitute a multitude of harmful obstacles for the viability of pollen of the “recalcitrant” type.
    Document KR 10-1390504 also describes an apparatus for collecting and then distributing pollen. This device also includes an air flow generation system with a venturi effect to create a suction and blowing air flow. This pollen transport air generation system comprises an annular duct for injecting engine air formed by two concentric pipe portions inside the pollen suction and transport duct. The portion of the pipe having the smallest diameter is formed by the suction pipe itself, thereby inducing a large and sudden reduction in section. This configuration is very unfavorable for the viability of pollen when it is of the “recalcitrant” type.
    In addition, the passage section formed by the annular duct for injecting engine air is much greater than that of the suction duct at the level of the venturi system and cannot therefore provide a function of amplification of the ratio of engine air to induced air flow. This passage cross-section ratio induces that the injected engine air forms a very large part of the air flow generated inside the suction duct relative to the air induced by the injection of engine air. It can be estimated, from the ratio of the sections of the pipes shown and the expansion of the engine air, that the total supply air flow consists of only 10% of the air flow generated in the suction duct , against 90% of engine air. Consequently in this system the suction flow remains of low flow while the total flow of blowing is on the contrary tenfold. On the contrary, the transport of fragile and highly hydrated pollens requires a reduction in speeds which in particular imposes the greatest possible equivalence between the pollen suction speed imposed by the natural speed of sedimentation of said pollen and the blowing speed which must not be significantly accelerated at the risk of causing shocks and friction likely to reduce the viability of pollen.
    There is therefore a need for a device allowing the pollination of a recipient plant from the pollen captured on a donor plant configured to guarantee the viability of the pollen captured until its diffusion even when it is of the “recalcitrant” type.
    For this, the invention relates to an aeraulic device for the pollination of at least one recipient plant from pollen captured on at least one donor plant, comprising:
    - a pollen capture organ from said at least one donor plant,
    - a pollen diffusion organ on at least one recipient plant,
    - a channel for conveying the pollen collected from the collection member to the distribution member,
    - an air flow amplifier with Coanda effect to induce an air flow inside the conveying channel from the pollen capture device to the pollen delivery device.
    The air flow amplifier makes it possible to induce in its upstream part a current of suction air and downstream a blowing flow associating a primary motor air injected under pressure into the conveying channel and the air flow secondary induced. The Coanda effect allows, thanks to a laminar air flow with high velocity, to maximize the generation of a vacuum zone and thus to induce an amplification of the induced flow of suction and blowing. This technical solution also presents a minimum of obstacles at the level of the passage section where the air flow amplifier is arranged, in particular in comparison with an air flow generator with Venturi effect. Indeed, the induction of the suction and blowing flow can thus be done without any significant reduction in the diameter of the conveying channel, as in document KR 10-1390504, and without the presence of a punctual obstacle to the inside this passage section, such as the air injection nozzle in the document FR. 2 866 784 Al.
    In addition, the use of a Coanda effect air flow amplifier makes it possible to obtain a ratio between the secondary air flow in the conveying channel and the very large flow of inducing compressed gas, in particular in comparison with a Venturi effect air flow generator. Thus, the use of the Coanda effect allows a very significant amplification of the air flow inside the conveying channel for a low supply of primary engine air and consequently a small increase in speed of the air flow. supply air relative to the suction air flow.
    Consequently, the Coanda effect air flow amplifier allows a large amplification of the air flow inside the conveying channel while limiting the elements which can form an obstacle for the pollen inside this channel. conveyor. As indicated above, the reduction of these obstacles thus makes it possible to fully respect the viability of the pollen transported when it is of the “recalcitrant” type.
    According to one embodiment of the aeraulic device, the conveying channel is formed by a plurality of piping elements, the air flow amplifier comprising:
    - a conduit forming one of said piping elements of the conveying channel,
    - an opening in the duct,
    a source of compressed gas in fluid communication with the orifice to supply the conveying channel with compressed gas,
    - an inner edge at least partially delimiting the orifice and forming a convex surface configured to generate a Coanda effect on a flow of primary engine gas generated by the source of compressed gas through the orifice.
    According to one embodiment of the aeraulic device, the conveying channel extends around a conveying axis, the orifice extending along an angular sector around the conveying axis.
    According to one embodiment of the aeraulic device, the air flow amplifier is configured to induce from the supply of compressed gas of the conveying channel a secondary air flow of a predetermined speed whose ratio between said secondary air flow in the conveying channel and the primary engine gas flow is greater than or equal to 10, preferably greater than or equal to 15, more preferably greater than or equal to 17.
    According to one embodiment of the aeraulic device, the air flow amplifier is arranged at the level of the capture member.
    According to one embodiment of the aeraulic device, it comprises a plurality of Coanda effect air flow amplifiers arranged in series along the conveying channel to participate at least partially in the induction of the secondary air flow inside the conveying channel.
    According to one embodiment of the aeraulic device, the conveying channel has a pollen passage section whose section variation between the capture member and the diffusion member is equal to or less than 30%, preferably equal or less to 20%, more preferably equal to or less than 10%.
    According to one embodiment of the aeraulic device, the conveying channel extends rectilinearly over at least 70%, preferably over at least 80%, more preferably still over at least 90% of its total length.
    According to one embodiment of the aeraulic device, the conveyor channel is formed by a pipe comprising at most three bent portions between the capture and diffusion members.
    According to one embodiment of the aeraulic device, each of the capture and diffusion members is formed by a box comprising:
    - an upper wall having an opening in fluid communication with the conveying channel,
    - two side walls extending from the upper wall,
    - a front opening allowing the donor plant or the recipient plant to enter the interior of the box.
    According to one embodiment of the aeraulic device, the capture member also comprises at least one of:
    - a movable bottom wall arranged opposite the front opening relative to the upper wall,
    - a shaking device for shaking a donor plant placed inside the box.
    According to one embodiment of the aeraulic device, the shaking member comprises at least two rods extending between the two side walls, said at least two rods being spaced from each other along a direction s' extending between the front opening and the bottom wall.
    According to one embodiment of the aeraulic device, it further comprises a pneumatic deflector of pollen with Coanda effect disposed at the level of the diffusion member.
    The invention also relates to an aeraulic apparatus for the pollination of at least one recipient plant from pollen captured on at least one donor plant, comprising at least two aeraulic devices as described above arranged side by side so that the conveying channels of each of the aeraulic devices extend along the same direction, one of the aeraulic devices being offset with respect to the other aeraulic device along said direction.
    The invention further relates to a vehicle comprising a coupling structure and at least one ventilation device as described above or at least one ventilation device as described above fixed to the coupling structure so that each of the front openings of the capture and diffusion members of the aeraulic devices are oriented towards the same direction of advance to receive donor or recipient plants during movement of the vehicle along this direction of advance.
    Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, given by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
    FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of an embodiment of an aeraulic device.
    FIG. 2 represents a perspective view of another embodiment of an aeraulic device.
    Figure 3 shows a sectional view of a Coanda effect air flow amplifier.
    FIGS. 4 and 5 respectively represent a perspective view of a capture member and of a diffusion member of the aeraulic devices represented in FIGS. 1 and 2.
    FIG. 6 represents a perspective view of an embodiment of a vehicle comprising a coupling structure and a plurality of ventilation devices as shown in FIG. 2.
    FIG. 7 represents a perspective view of another embodiment of a vehicle having a configuration suitable for tall plants.
    FIG. 8 represents a detailed perspective view of a pneumatic deflector of an aeraulic device as shown in FIG. 7.
    As shown in FIG. 1, an aeraulic device 10 is configured for the pollination of at least one recipient plant from the pollen captured on at least one donor plant. Preferably, the pollen captured is a “recalcitrant” type pollen such as a pollen from wheat (tnticum sp.}, Barley (hordeum sp.}, Rice (oryza sp.) Or even corn (zea mays sp.).
    The aeraulic device 10 comprises a member 12 for collecting pollen from said at least one donor plant. Pollen here denotes either a pollen grain or a plurality of pollen grains. This capture member 12 is configured to allow the reception of a donor plant within it when using the aeraulic device 10. This aeraulic device 10 also comprises a member 14 for diffusing the pollen captured on the donor plant on at least a recipient plant. Similarly to the capture member 12, the diffusion member 14 is configured to allow the reception of said at least one recipient plant therein during the use of the aeraulic device 10. The aeraulic device 10 further comprises a conveying channel 16 of the pollen collected from the capture member 12 towards the diffusion member 14. This conveying channel 16 forms a pipe extending from the capture member 12 towards the diffusion member 14. For reduce the elements that can obstruct pollen, the conveying channel 16 is preferably formed by a pipe in the form of an arch or elbow. In this case, the conveying channel 16 preferably comprises a single bend. Thus, the conveying channel 16 has only one continuous change of direction from an ascending vertical to a descending vertical. More generally, the conveying channel 16 is preferably formed by a pipe comprising at most three bent portions, preferably at most two bent portions, between the capture 12 and diffusion 14 members.
    As shown in Figure 2, the conveying channel 16 may have two bends and a straight portion between these two bends. In this case, the conveying channel 16 extends rectilinearly over at least 70%, preferably over at least 80%, more preferably still over at least 90% of its total length. By rectilinear extension is meant the fact that one or more portions of the conveying channel 16 extend along one or more rectilinear axes. By way of example and with reference to FIG. 7, the conveying channel 16 may comprise a first portion 50 extending along a first portion of the conveying axis A and a second portion 52 extending the along a second portion of the conveyor axis A transverse to the first portion. This bidirectional extension of the conveying channel 16 thus makes it possible to arrange the collection members 12 and distribution 14 at different heights with respect to the ground.
    The conveying channel 16 can be adjustable along the conveying axis A to vary the distance between the collecting member 12 and the diffusion member 14. For this, the conveying channel 16 can be formed by pipes telescopic mounted one inside the other. Thus, the aeraulic device 10 can adapt to different plant installation configurations. In fact, the donor plants can be separated from the recipient plants by variable distances depending on the plantations. In addition, different offsets between the passage of the carrier vehicle and the areas to be treated may exist. Preferably, the conveying channel 16 is formed by at least one fixed pipe and, where appropriate, a pipe movable in translation. The fixed pipe is preferably the pipe on which a Coanda 18 air flow amplifier is mounted. When the mobile pipe is arranged downstream of the fixed pipe with respect to the direction of flow inside the conveying channel 16, the movable pipe is preferably mounted outside the fixed pipe so as not to form an obstacle inside the conveying channel 16. Consequently, the mobile pipe has a section greater than the fixed pipe in this case of downstream arrangement. This makes it possible to limit the areas in which pollen is attached and to favor an increase in cross section in the final part of the conveying channel 16. The increase in final cross section of the conveying channel 16 effectively contributes to reducing the speed of pollen immediately before arrival in the organ of diffusion and therefore its deposit on the recipient plants. Conversely, when the movable pipe is arranged upstream of the fixed pipe with respect to the direction of flow inside the conveying channel 16, the mobile pipe is preferably mounted inside the fixed pipe so as to do not form any obstacle inside the conveying channel 16. Consequently, the movable pipe has a smaller section than the fixed pipe in this case of upstream arrangement.
    To allow the capture of the pollen present on the donor plant as well as the transport of this pollen towards the diffusion organ 14, the aeraulic device 10 also includes an air flow amplifier with Coanda effect 18 to induce an air flow inside the conveying channel 16 from the pollen capture member 12 to the diffusion member 14 of said pollen. This air flow amplifier 18 is configured to generate a Coanda effect allowing the amplification of the air flow inside the conveying channel 16. The air flow amplifier 18 makes it possible to induce upstream of the air flow amplifier a suction air stream and downstream a blowing flow associating a primary motor air injected into the conveying channel 16 and the induced secondary air flow. Preferably, the air flow amplifier 18 is placed at the level of the capture member 12. In order to optimize the pollen suction air speeds, the air flow amplifier 18 is placed as close as possible to the pollen suction point, ie from the collection member 12. In fact, it involves inducing a minimum of pressure drops in the conveying channel 16 which is in depression upstream of the air flow amplifier 18 and whose flow rate is lower than the flow rate of the blowing flow downstream of the air flow amplifier 18. Thus, the majority of the pollen path in the conveying channel 16 is carried out under positive pressure between the air flow amplifier 18 and the point of application, ie the diffusion member 14. The pressure drops are then less harmful because they are applied to an air flow under flow pressure upper combining the primary engine air flow and the secondary air flow. In addition, a position as far upstream as possible from the air flow amplifier 18 allows, by the effect of the pressure losses downstream, a reduction in the speed of the pollens before their application to the recipient plants. In particular, the air flow amplifier 18 is preferably arranged at the level of the first half of the conveying channel 16 along the capture member 12. More preferably, the air flow amplifier 18 is disposed at the level of the first third of the conveying channel 16 following the capture member 12. The air flow amplifier 18, the engine air flow and the conveying channel 16 are configured so that the transport speed pollen inside the conveying channel 16 is less than 10 ms-1, preferably less than 5 ms-1, to limit the kinetic energy of the pollen which is a function of the square of the speed thereof and thus minimize shock and friction detrimental to pollen viability. The pollen transport speed is however configured not to decrease to the point of causing the pollen to settle on the walls of the conveying channel 16. It has been observed that the limit pollen fall speed was approximately 0.10 to 0.20 ms. -l. Therefore, the air flow amplifier 18 and the conveying channel 16 are also configured so that the pollen transport speed is greater than a speed range of 0.10 to 0.20 ms-1 to avoid sedimentation. pollen. Thus, the pollen transport speed is preferably between 0.10 m.s-l and 10m.s-1, more preferably between 0.10m.s-l and 5m.s-l.
    In addition, in order to limit the obstacles inside the conveying channel 16, the latter may have a pollen passage section whose variation in section between the capture member 12 and the diffusion member 14 is equal to or less than 30%, preferably equal to or less than 20%, more preferably equal to or less than 10%. The conveying channel 16 may include an increase in the pollen passage section downstream of the air flow amplifier 18 and near the diffusion member 14 to allow the pollen to slow down before their arrival on the plants recipients and thus encourage their filing. This increase in the passage section of the conveying channel 16 is advantageously less than 30%, preferably less than 20%, more preferably less than 10% between the smallest passage section and the largest section of the channel. conveyor 16. The conveyor channel 16 preferably does not comprise any bifurcation or division of the conveyor channel 16 towards more than one diffusion member 14. Thus, the conveyor channel 16 forms a continuous and unobstructed channel of the member of capture 12 to the diffusion member 14.
    As shown in FIG. 2, the aeraulic device 10 may comprise a plurality of air flow amplifiers 18 with Coanda effect arranged in series along the conveying channel 16 to each participate in part in the induction of the flow d secondary air inside the conveying channel 16. The air flow amplifiers 18 are arranged along the conveying channel 16 to allow the amplification of the air flow along the conveying channel
    16. Thus, it is possible to maintain the pollen in suspension in order to prevent their sedimentation on the bottom of the conveying channel 16. Each device created upstream of its position a depression and downstream a pressure allowing to induce and move the flow air. The action of the air flow amplifiers placed in series makes it possible to compensate, over a longer pollen conveying distance, for the pressure losses inherent in the circulation of fluids in conduits. The multiplication of the points of amplification of air flow also makes it possible to multiply and lengthen in total the zones benefiting from the primary air flows of the laminar flow motor originating from the Coanda effect which prevent particles from reaching the walls and to settle there. The number of Coanda effect air flow amplifiers 18 is chosen as a function of the length of the conveying channel 16.
    As shown in FIG. 3, the air flow amplifier 18 with Coanda effect preferably comprises a duct 20 forming a piping element of the conveying channel 16 and an orifice 22 formed in the duct 20. This duct preferably has a circular internal section for circulation of the air flow devoid of any obstacle liable to induce undesirable contacts with the pollen. The air flow amplifier 18 further comprises a source 24 of compressed gas in fluid communication with the orifice 22 for supplying the conveying channel 16 with compressed gas. The source 24 preferably supplies the conveying channel 16 with compressed air taken from outside the conveying channel 16.
    The source 24 is configured to inject the gas or compressed air at low pressure, preferably at a pressure less than 0.1 lMPa (lBar). For straw cereal pollens, the pressure inside the conveying channel is preferably less than 0.04 MPa (0.4 Bar). The source 24 is preferably configured to provide air free from pollutants such as aerosols. condensed water or lubricants. In addition, the source 24 can be configured to supply the gas or the air at a temperature substantially equal to the ambient temperature in order to induce no appreciable change in the pollen temperature or to intensify modifications of the water state. of said pollen. Thus, the source 24 is preferably configured to supply the gas or the compressed air at a temperature between 15 and 25 ° C. The source 24 can be a low-pressure non-lubricated compressor mechanically driven by the carrier vehicle, it can also be an air compression turbine associated with a variable reluctance electric motor such as an air compressor. internal combustion engine. Alternatively, the source 24 may include a centrifugal compressor associated with a brushless motor (called "brushless"). In all these cases, the source 24 also preferably comprises a cooler which can be an air / air exchanger for regulating the temperature of the gas or of the compressed air injected and reducing its temperature to that of ambient temperature. In addition, the source 24 may include a device for draining any condensate installed downstream of the cooler. These examples of source 24 make it possible to supply the conveying channel 16 with very clean air.
    The orifice 22 preferably extends along an angular sector around a conveying axis A along which the conveying channel 16 extends. More preferably, the orifice 22 is circular and forms an annular orifice extending around the conveying axis A. Thus, the engine air is injected through the orifice 22 in the form of a blade of annular air around the conveying axis A, on the periphery of the conveying channel 16. The section of the orifice 22 can be constant over its entire circumference to induce an identical air flow over the entire perimeter of the air flow amplifier 18 and therefore in the portion of the conveying channel 16 downstream of the air flow amplifier 18. In other words, the section of the orifice 22 may be symmetrical around the conveying axis 16. Alternatively, the section of the orifice 22 can be variable around the conveying axis 16 to induce a secondary air flow having a speed varying around the conveying axis A. In other words, the section of the orifice 22 can be asymmetrical. This variation in the speed of the secondary air flow is particularly advantageous for limiting the natural propensity of the pollen to sediment under the effect of gravity and therefore improving the maintenance in suspension of the pollen. For this, the section of the orifice 22 is preferably greater in its upper part than in its lower part. In other words, the orifice 22 comprises an upper portion having a section greater than the section of a lower portion arranged opposite the upper portion. This variable configuration of the section of the orifice 22 makes it possible to induce a more intense depression at the level of the upper portion. When the aeraulic device 10 comprises a plurality of air flow amplifiers 18, these may have a constant or variable orifice section 22. The section of the orifice 22 is preferably less than 1mm, more preferably less than 0.5mm. The orifice 22 may have the form of a calibrated slot.
    The air flow amplifier 18 also includes an internal edge 26 at least partially delimiting the orifice 22 and forming a convex surface whose curvature is configured to generate a Coanda effect on a flow of compressed gas generated by the source 24 of gas compressed through the orifice 22. The edge 26 thus comprises a profile making it possible to generate a Coanda effect. The edge 26 is arranged downstream in contact with the orifice 22 relative to the direction of movement of the air flows in the conveying channel 16. The profile of the edge 26 can be obtained by a curved surface. Alternatively, the profile of the edge 26 can be obtained by a plurality of rectilinear segments to facilitate its manufacture.
    The edge profile 26, when observed in cross section, preferably corresponds to a portion of a “NACA” profile used in aircraft construction, in particular the upper half of the “NACA” profile. Thus, the profile of the edge 26 preferably comprises a leading edge disposed at the level of the orifice 22, an upper surface and a trailing edge downstream of the air flow amplifier 18. By way of example, the profile of the edge 26 may correspond to an upper half of a profile “NACA0030” comprising a camber of the reference line (from the leading edge to the trailing edge) of 0 degrees, a camber position of 0% and a profile thickness of 30% of the rope, ie the distance between the leading edge and the trailing edge.
    The Coanda effect is the property of a gas or liquid flow to follow an adjacent curved contour like the edge 26 without detaching from it. In a Coanda effect air flow amplifier, the primary motor air flow adheres to the curved surface in the form of a thin layer of high velocity air which is accompanied by a vacuum zone thus inducing entrainment of ambient air at a very high rate. The edge 26 is configured so as to maintain the Coanda effect over the greatest possible length in order to maximize the total area of primary air flow at high velocity with the corollary entraining secondary air at a very high rate. explaining the flow amplifier character of such a device.
    FIG. 3 represents the blowing flow 32 induced by the air flow amplifier 18, associating the flow of primary engine air 30 injected into the conveying channel 16 and the flow of secondary air 28. The flow of primary engine air 30 is annular and disposed at the periphery of the conveying channel 16 relative to the conveying axis A, in contact with the walls of the duct 20. The secondary air flow 28 of suction is central relative to the conveying axis A and of lower velocity than the primary engine air flow 30. Thus, this injection of a primary engine air flow 30 in annular form makes it possible to expose the pollen sucked upstream essentially to the central area of secondary air flow 28 of lower velocity. The air flow amplifier 18 is configured to induce from the supply of compressed gas to the conveying channel 16 the secondary air flow 28 of a predetermined speed whose ratio between said secondary air flow 28 in the conveying channel 16 and the primary engine air flow 30 is greater than or equal to 10, preferably greater than or equal to 15, more preferably greater than or equal to 17. Thus, when the ratio between said flow of secondary air 28 in the conveying channel 16 and the primary engine air flow 30 is equal to 17, the quantity of inducing compressed gas 30 is approximately equal to 6% of the blowing flow 32 downstream.
    The air flow amplifier 18 is preferably made of cast aluminum, the thermal conductivity of which avoids cold spots that generate condensation. Preferably, the air flow amplifier 18 is made of a material having a thermal conductivity equal to or greater than 150 W. m-
    l.K-1. This humidity could contaminate the interior of the conveying channel 16 with pollen and cause pollen adhesions so that the reproductive potential of the pollen would be reduced.
    The embodiment of the air flow amplifier 18 visible in FIG. 3 is for example provided in the standard dimension of approximately 200 mm (or 8 inches). In this case, the nominal diameter of the conveying channel 16 is preferably 200mm in order to respect the preferred transport speeds.
    As shown in Figure 4, the collection member 12 is formed by a box 32 in which one or more donor plants are intended to be received. This box 32 comprises an upper wall 34 having an opening in fluid communication with the conveying channel 16 and two side walls 36 extending from the upper wall 34. In particular, the side walls extend transversely to the wall upper 34 to form a receiving cavity 38. The box 32 also includes a front opening 40 allowing a donor plant to enter the inside of the box 32, in particular into the receiving cavity 38.
    The sensing member 12 also comprises a movable bottom wall (not shown) disposed opposite the front opening 40 relative to the upper wall 34. The movable bottom wall is configured to be rotated under the action of a donor plant. Thus, when the aeraulic device 10 is moved in the direction of a donor plant, the latter enters the interior of the collection member 12 through the front opening 40, its pollen is captured, then the advance of the device. ventilation 10 causes the opening of the movable bottom wall under the action of the donor plant. The movable bottom wall is for example fixed to the upper wall 34 by a hinge or a flexible material allowing the movable bottom wall to be returned to its closed position of the capture member 12 by gravity or by a restoring force. . The movable bottom wall can also be made entirely of a flexible material, such as polyvinyl chloride. This movable bottom wall makes it possible to orient the suction flow on the front of the collecting member 12. The side walls 36 are preferably shaped so that the distance separating each of the side walls 32 at the level of the front opening 40 is greater than the distance separating each of the side walls 36 at the movable bottom wall. Thus, the side walls 36 form a truncated V or, in other words, a trapezoidal section. In other words, the side walls 36 converge towards the movable bottom wall. This conformation makes it possible to concentrate the donor plants at the level of the opening in fluid communication with the conveying channel 16 so as to optimize the volume of air sucked in and consequently the speed of transport of the pollen. For example, the distance separating the side walls 36 is 50 cm at the front opening 40 and 30 cm at the opening in fluid communication with the conveying channel 16. This reduction in distance makes it possible to reduce the air volume necessary for efficient pollen transport by 40%. In addition, the height of the side walls 36 and of the movable bottom wall are chosen as a function of the height of the donor plants to be treated.
    The collecting member 12 can also include deflecting walls arranged around the front opening 40 to promote the entry of the donor plants inside the collecting member 12.
    In addition, the capture member 12 may comprise a shaking member 42 for shaking a donor plant disposed inside the box 32. The shaking member 42 comprises at least two rods 44 extending between the two side walls 36. Said at least two rods 44 are preferably spaced from one another along a first direction extending between the front opening 40 and the movable bottom wall. Thus, the rods 44 can be spaced from each other by 200mm along the first direction. In addition, the rods 44 can be spaced from each other along a second direction transverse to the first direction. Thus, the rods 44 can be spaced from each other by 50mm along the second direction. In other words, the rods 44 are spaced from one another in a first substantially horizontal direction and / or in a substantially vertical direction. The distance separating the stems 44 along the first and / or the second direction can be adjustable to adapt to the type of donor plant or to the configuration of the terrain. Preferably, the stems 44 are mounted in free rotation on themselves to limit friction and injury on the donor plants which are likely to be harvested several times in the same season. The rods 44 can be coated with an adherent material in order to promote the rotation thereof when the donor plants pass.
    In use, the first rod 44 disposed furthest forward strikes and coats the inflorescence of the donor plant forward and performs a first shaking whose speed is induced by the movement of the aeraulic device
    10. When the inflorescence is released from this first rod 44, the latter then strikes the second rod 44. The shaking energy on the second rod 44 then accumulates the energy provided by the speed of movement of the aeraulic device 10 with the exhaust energy acquired during the retention under the first rod 44. The height difference between the two rods 44 makes it possible to apply the second shaking substantially at the median level of the inflorescence in order to induce several beats from before behind the inflorescence to extract the pollen from its anthers.
    For example, in a configuration for straw cereals, the receiving cavity 38 advantageously has a width of 300mm and a depth of 300mm so that the average speed of suction air is approximately 1.4 ms-1 at the opening in fluid communication with the conveying channel 16. This speed of suction air makes it possible to counter the natural fall of the pollen inside the collecting member 12 and induce its elevation in the conveying channel 16. When the aeraulic device 10 is moved at a forward speed of 2 km.h-1, an ear of the donor plant remains on average 0.25s under the opening in communication of fluid with the conveying channel 16. During this residence time of 0.25s the average suction air flow rises by about 0.35m which allows pollen to be engaged in the major upward suction flow with a speed of 4m.s-1 present in the conveying channel 16, conveying channel duqu and the pollen cannot come down. An ear remains operationally longer under the suction flow which begins at the mouth of the collecting member 12 and extends behind the conveying channel 16 over a total length of 700 mm, a potential duration of about 0.7s. This duration of presence under aspiration increases the overall efficiency of the pollen capture member 12 and contributes to the optimization of the volume of suction air 28.
    As shown in Figure 5, the diffusion member 14 is also formed by a box 32 in which one or more recipient plants are intended to be received. The diffusion member 14 is similar to the capture member 12 except that the box 32 has no bottom wall so as not to impede the spread of pollen on the recipient plant or plants and induce an undesirable final shaking. The diffusion member 14 adopts the same general shape of trapezoidal box as the capture member 12 in order to concentrate the recipient plants under the blowing flow charged with pollen coming from the conveying channel 16. The grouping of the receiving plants under the flow pollination allows, in the embodiment for straw cereals, to increase by 66% the surface rate of targets to be pollinated and thus limit pollen losses. In addition, the box 32 of the diffusion member 14 does not include a shaking member 42. Thus, the box 32 of the diffusion member 14 includes two side walls 36 and an upper wall 34 in which an opening in fluid communication with the conveying channel 16 is formed. The height of the side walls is chosen according to the height of the inflorescences of the recipient plants to be treated. In addition, elements for adjusting the height of the collection elements 12 and diffusion 14 can be added to adapt them to the varieties of pollen donors and recipients of said pollen, which are generally of different heights. These height adjustment elements can take the form of portions of pipe added between the end of the conveying channel 16 and the capture member 12 or, if necessary, between the end of the conveying channel 16 and the broadcasting body 14.
    The diffusion member 14 can also be preceded by a conveying channel section 16 made of a material generating triboelectric charges 46 disposed in the passage of the pollen transported. This conveying channel section 16 is preferably disposed near the diffusion member 14. Indeed, the natural pollination of anemogamous plants pollinated by the action of the wind such as poaceae (wheat, barley, rice, corn, etc. ) is partly accomplished by the action of electrostatic charges acquired by the pollen grains which optimize the uptake of pollen by the female organs. By way of example, the triboelectric charge generator 46 can be a portion of pipe comprising a material generating triboelectric charges induced by friction of the pollen transport air on the walls. To optimize this phenomenon, the pipe portion is preferably arranged at the end of the conveying channel 16 to transmit these triboelectric charges just before the diffusion of pollen on the recipient plants.
    Alternatively, the diffusion member 14 can be devoid of box 32. In this case, the diffusion member 14 can be one end of the conveying channel 16 oriented towards a recipient plant. Alternatively still, the side walls of the box 32 of the diffusion member 14 can be replaced by converging guides for grouping the recipient plants under the pollination flow. These converging guides form a preferably trapezoidal frame to make the recipient plants converge under the pollination flow. The use of converging guides makes it possible to reduce the mass of the diffusion member 14 while achieving the convergence of the recipient plants. This is particularly advantageous when it is desired to increase the dimensions of the diffusion member 14 so as to converge under the pollination flow a larger number of recipient plants so as to optimize the density of potential targets.
    The aeraulic device 10 can also be associated with one or more other aeraulic devices 10 to form an aeraulic device for the pollination of at least one recipient plant from the pollen captured on at least one donor plant. Thus, each ventilation device 10 forms an independent pollination module. This modular design of the aeraulic device 10 makes it possible to associate a plurality of aeraulic devices 10 to cover a larger area of donor plants as well as a larger area of recipient plants. FIG. 6 represents for example a vehicle 47 comprising a hitching structure 48 and an aeraulic device 54 arranged on the hitching structure 48. The aeraulic device here comprises three aeraulic devices 10 arranged side by side so that the channels of conveying 16 of each of the aeraulic devices 10 extend along the same direction. Each of the aeraulic devices is offset with respect to the others along this direction to allow the successive arrangement of the capture 12 and diffusion 14 members of each of the aeraulic devices
    10. In particular, the aeraulic devices 10 are arranged so that each of the front openings 40 of the capture members 12 and diffusion members 14 of the aeraulic devices 10 are oriented towards the same direction of advancement for receiving donor or recipient plants during movement of the vehicle 47 along this direction of advance.
    The vehicle 47 may also include an independent module 56 for evaluating the quantitative potential of pollen used during pollination. A very small part of the pollen resource can therefore be used to measure the pollen potentially available for pollination. The pollen captured in this independent evaluation module 56 is representative of the quantity of pollen sucked in and applied by each of the aeraulic devices. This independent evaluation module 56 comprises a capture member 12 similar to those of the aeraulic devices 10, a conveying channel 16 and an air flow amplifier 18 with Coanda effect. This air flow amplifier 18 is here only used to aspirate the pollen and to move it to a separation cyclone. It can be replaced by a simple fan because the pollen, previously retained in the separation cyclone, does not come into contact with the member generating the suction air flow placed at the outlet of the cyclone. The pollen is then collected in a tank to be able to quantify the mass or the number of pollen grains aspirated per unit area.
    Respect for the reproductive potential of pollen was the subject of comparative measurements of pollen viability before and after passage through the aeraulic device 10 as shown in FIG. 6. These evaluations demonstrated the harmlessness of this pollination technology on the reproductive potential of pollen. For this, a flow cytometry technology specifically dedicated to the evaluation of the reproductive potential of pollens was used. This technology was developed and marketed by Amphasys AG.
    As shown in Figure 7, the vehicle 47 can be configured for plants with a large height, such as corn or other tall weeds. A specific configuration of vehicle 47 is preferable for tall plants. Indeed, these plants have a significant height but above all they can include flowers which are not hermaphrodites which implies that the donor and recipient areas of these plants are located at different heights of the plant. This implies different pollen sampling and application points which can vary in space independently of each other.
    In this embodiment for tall plants, the vehicle 47 comprises an aeraulic device 10 specifically configured for plants having a large height. In particular, the aeraulic device 10 comprises in this case a significant height difference between the capture member 12 and the diffusion member 14. To do this, the conveying channel 16 comprises a first portion 50 extending along of a first portion of the conveyor axis A and a second portion 52 extending along a second portion of the conveyor axis A transverse to the first portion. This bidirectional extension of the conveying channel 16 makes it possible to arrange the capture 12 and diffusion 14 members at different heights relative to the ground while minimizing the obstacles inside the conveying channel 16. It is also possible to replace this L-shaped shape of the conveying channel by a curved pipe portion whose curvature is continuous from the capture member 12 to the diffusion member 14 as shown in FIG. 1.
    As shown in FIG. 8, there is also proposed a pneumatic deflector 58 of pollen with a Coanda effect disposed at the level of the diffusion member 14 to induce a transverse or more generally orientable air flow relative to the conveyor axis. A of the second portion 52 of the conveying channel 16. This air flow constitutes a pneumatic deflector and makes it possible to avoid any contact between the pollen and a physical deflector wall. The pollen is thus distributed in axes and speeds controlled by the air pressure 5 supplying the pneumatic deflector 58. The pneumatic deflector 58 uses the same operating mode as the air flow amplifier 18. At this Indeed, the pneumatic deflector 58 an orifice 22 formed in a distributor 60 and delimited by an edge 26 forming a convex surface configured to generate a Coanda effect. A source 24 makes it possible to supply the orifice 22 with compressed gas. In particular, the pneumatic deflector 58 comprises two orifices 22 extending in a rectilinear manner transversely to the flow of blowing air coming from the conveying channel 16.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Aeraulic device (10) for pollination of at least one recipient plant from pollen collected from at least one donor plant, comprising:
    - a pollen capture organ (12) from said at least one donor plant,
    - a organ for diffusing (14) pollen on at least one recipient plant,
    - a conveying channel (16) of the pollen collected from the collection member (12) to the diffusion member (14),
    - an air flow amplifier (18) with Coanda effect to induce an air flow inside the conveying channel (16) from the pollen capture member (12) to the diffusion member ( 14) of said pollen.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Device according to claim 1, in which the conveying channel (16) is formed by a plurality of piping elements, the air flow amplifier (18) with Coanda effect comprising:
    - a conduit (20) forming one of said piping elements of the conveying channel (16),
    - an orifice (22) formed in the duct (20),
    a source (24) of compressed gas in fluid communication with the orifice for supplying the conveying channel (16) with compressed gas,
    - an inner edge (26) at least partially delimiting the orifice (22) and forming a convex surface configured to generate a Coanda effect on a flow of primary engine gas generated by the source of compressed gas through the orifice (22 ).
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. A ventilation device (10) according to claim 2, wherein the conveying channel (16) extends around a conveying axis (A), the orifice (22) extending along a sector angular around the conveying axis (A).
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Aeraulic device (10) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the air flow amplifier (18) is configured to induce from the supply of compressed gas to the conveying channel (16) a flow of secondary air of a predetermined speed whose ratio between said secondary air flow in the conveying channel (16) and the primary engine gas flow is greater than or equal to 10, preferably greater than or equal to 15, so still preferred greater than or equal to 17.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. A ventilation device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the air flow amplifier (18) with Coanda effect is disposed at the level of the capture member (12).
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Aeration device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of air flow amplifiers (18) with Coanda effect arranged in series along the conveyor channel (16) to participate at least partially to the induction of the secondary air flow inside the conveying channel (16).
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Aeraulic device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the conveying channel (16) has a pollen passage section whose variation in section between the capture member (12) and the member diffusion (14) is equal to or less than 30%, preferably equal to or less than 20%, more preferably equal to or less than 10%.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. A ventilation device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the conveying channel (16) extends in a rectilinear fashion over at least 70%, preferably over at least 80%, more preferably still over at least 90% of its total length.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. A ventilation device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the conveying channel (16) is formed by a pipe comprising at most three bent portions between the capture (12) and diffusion (14) members. .
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Aeraulic device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which each of the capture (12) and diffusion (14) members is formed by a box (32) comprising:
    - an upper wall (34) having an opening in fluid communication with the conveying channel (16),
    - two side walls (36) extending from the upper wall (34),
    - A front opening (40) allowing the donor plant or the recipient plant to enter the interior of the box (32).
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. A ventilation device (10) according to claim 10, in which the collecting member (12) further comprises at least one of:
    - a movable bottom wall disposed opposite the front opening (40) relative to the upper wall (34),
    - a shaking member (42) for shaking a donor plant arranged inside the box (32).
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. A ventilation device (10) according to claim 11, wherein the shaking member (42) comprises at least two rods (44) extending between the two side walls (36), said at least two rods (44) being spaced from each other along a direction extending between the front opening (40) and the bottom wall.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. A ventilation device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a pneumatic deflector (58) of Coanda effect pollen disposed at the level of the diffusion member (14).
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. Aeraulic apparatus (54) for pollinating at least one recipient plant from pollen captured on at least one donor plant, comprising at least two aeraulic devices (10) according to any one of the preceding claims arranged side by side so that the conveying channels (16) of each of the aeraulic devices (10) extend along the same direction, one of the aeraulic devices (10) being offset with respect to the other aeraulic device (10 ) along said direction.
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. Vehicle (47) comprising a coupling structure (48) and at least one device according to claims 1 to 13 or at least one device (54) according to claim 14 fixed to the coupling structure (48) so that each of the front openings (40) of the sensing (12) and diffusion (14) organs of the aeraulic devices (10) are oriented in the same direction of advance to receive donor or recipient plants during movement of the vehicle (47) along this 5 direction ahead.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2019175507A1|2019-09-19|
    CN111970920A|2020-11-20|
    EP3764774A1|2021-01-20|
    CA3091882A1|2019-09-19|
    EA202091762A1|2020-12-11|
    PH12020551459A1|2021-07-19|
    US20210045306A1|2021-02-18|
    BR112020018236A2|2020-12-29|
    FR3078859B1|2020-03-13|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    FR2866784A1|2004-02-27|2005-09-02|Michel Xavier Foueillassar|Plant e.g. apple tree, pollen collecting, conveying and distributing apparatus for e.g. human feed, has two pipes guiding air over male inflorescence via collector to release pollen and another pipe driving most pat of air to venturi system|
    FR2979798A1|2011-09-12|2013-03-15|Rene Proharam|Pollination device for positioning in front of agricultural machine or tractor and for collecting pollen and distributing female organs of corn plants, has cross pollinator providing movement of adjusting height of containment chamber|
    WO2013050066A1|2011-10-04|2013-04-11|Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives|Device for sampling dust or solid particles in particular for the detection of explosives|
    GB2542507A|2015-09-15|2017-03-22|Baker Richard|Air cleaning apparatus|WO2022023663A1|2020-07-29|2022-02-03|Institut National De Recherche Pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation Et L'environnement|Coanda effect flow booster and aeraulic device comprising such a flow booster|KR101390504B1|2011-12-23|2014-05-26|오동균|Pollinating Apparatus|WO2021225889A1|2020-05-04|2021-11-11|Monsanto Technology Llc|Device and method for pollen collection|
    法律状态:
    2019-09-20| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20190920 |
    2019-09-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2020-03-13| CD| Change of name or company name|Owner name: SYNGENTA FRANCE SAS, FR Effective date: 20200131 Owner name: INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN SCIENCES ET , FR Effective date: 20200131 Owner name: ASUR PLANT BREEDING, FR Effective date: 20200131 |
    2020-03-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2020-05-01| TQ| Partial transmission of property|Owner name: SYNGENTA FRANCE SAS, FR Effective date: 20200326 Owner name: ASUR PLANT BREEDING, FR Effective date: 20200326 Owner name: INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE POUR L'AGRICULT, FR Effective date: 20200326 |
    2021-03-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1852209A|FR3078859B1|2018-03-14|2018-03-14|AERAULIC DEVICE WITH COANDA EFFECT FOR POLLINATION OF A RECEIVING PLANT FROM POLLEN CAPTURED FROM A DONOR PLANT|
    FR1852209|2018-03-14|FR1852209A| FR3078859B1|2018-03-14|2018-03-14|AERAULIC DEVICE WITH COANDA EFFECT FOR POLLINATION OF A RECEIVING PLANT FROM POLLEN CAPTURED FROM A DONOR PLANT|
    BR112020018236-2A| BR112020018236A2|2018-03-14|2019-03-14|VENTILATION DEVICE THAT USES THE COANDA EFFECT TO POLLINATE A RECEIVING PLANT USING POLLEN COLLECTED FROM A DONOR PLANT|
    CN201980018979.6A| CN111970920A|2018-03-14|2019-03-14|Air moving device for pollinating recipient plant with pollen collected from donor plant using coanda effect|
    US16/978,112| US20210045306A1|2018-03-14|2019-03-14|Air-moving device employing coanda effect for pollinating a recipient plant using pollen collected from a donor plant|
    EP19717532.6A| EP3764774A1|2018-03-14|2019-03-14|Air-moving device employing coanda effect for pollinating a recipient plant using pollen collected from a donor plant|
    EA202091762A| EA202091762A1|2018-03-14|2019-03-14|AIR DEVICE USING A COAND EFFECT FOR POLLINATING A RECIPIENT PLANT USING DONOR PLANT POLLINATION|
    CA3091882A| CA3091882A1|2018-03-14|2019-03-14|Air-moving device employing coanda effect for pollinating a recipient plant using pollen collected from a donor plant|
    PCT/FR2019/050562| WO2019175507A1|2018-03-14|2019-03-14|Air-moving device employing coanda effect for pollinating a recipient plant using pollen collected from a donor plant|
    PH12020551459A| PH12020551459A1|2018-03-14|2020-09-11|Air-moving device employing coanda effect for pollinating a recipient plant using pollen collected from a donor plant|
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